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Auxiliary (used in writing and formal speech only)
| An archaic auxiliary that indicates negation. | Not |
| 【Related Expression: ない; ず】 | |
(ksa). グローバルな時代に自国のことだけを考えるわけにはいかぬ。
In the global age we cannot think of our own country alone.
(ksb). 知らぬことを知らぬと言うには勇気が要る。
When you don't know something, it takes courage to admit it.
| Vnegative | ぬ (Noun/Auxillary) | |
| 知らぬ | Someone doesn’t know someone/something | |
| 知らぬ人 | A person whom someone doesn’t know or someone who doesn’t know something | |
| 知らぬらしい | It appears that someone doesn’t know someone/something | |
| Irregular | せぬ | Does not do something |
| Irregular | おらぬ | Someone does not exist |
(a). 彼は何を聞いても、知らぬとしか答えぬ。
No matter what I ask, he answers only that he does not know.
(b). その日本人は英語が分からぬようだった。
That Japanese did not seem to understand English.
(c). 最近は滅多に酒を飲まぬが、若い頃はよく飲んだものだ。
I seldom drink these days, but I used to drink a lot when I was young.
(d). 日本語が話せる者はこの辺にはおらぬ。
In this area there are not people who can speak Japanese.
